What is an inference in science?

In science, an inference is a logical conclusion or deduction based on observations, evidence, and reasoning. It involves using available information to make educated guesses or predictions about phenomena that have not been directly observed or measured. Inferences help scientists form hypotheses, develop theories, and make sense of complex data.

For example, if a scientist observes that a certain plant species only grows in areas with high humidity, they may infer that humidity is an important factor influencing the plant's growth. This inference is based on observations and existing knowledge about plant biology.

Inferences are essential in the scientific process because they allow scientists to draw conclusions and make discoveries beyond what is directly observable. However, it is important for scientists to critically evaluate their inferences, test them through experiments and observations, and revise them as new evidence becomes available.